Hey @jrmcmillan, thanks for giving Odoo17 a try.
I'll try to assist you as best I can.
Please check:
On a fresh Postgres database, you ran the Odoo17 container for the very first time with the "Post Arguments" field set to
-i base
... THEN, you removed the "-i base" from the "Post Arguments" field and restarted both Postgres and Odoo17
Also, I found a couple of threads (addmittedly I feel they could be long shots) about adding the "PGUSER" environment variable to the Docker environment.
In Unraid it would look like the attached example for anybody else reading this.
Please consider (if safe to do so) redoing the database part again...?
In Unraid Docker tab
Remove the 'postgresql15' docker your using for Odoo (Remove, Yes)
Delete "/mnt/cache/appdata/postgresql15" (if you're comfortable to remove that folder)
In the Odoo17 container, add "-i base --without-demo=all --stop-after-init" in to "Post Arguments"
Add a new 'postgesql15' Docker container, configure it and start it
Run Odoo17 container one time
It should run and stop on it's own
View it's 'Logs' to see if it initialised the database
Let us know how you go?
Cheers!