@dlandonRan into a similar problem myself on a private server. Was able to SSH in, confirmed /udev getting too big, tried increasing it using the steps above but never quite got it to a point where it would work. Grabbed some stuff before eventually deciding to roll back to 6.12.4. Figured I would share some logs in case it helps devs investigate.
deepthought-diagnostics-20240225-1149.zip