Yep:
Feb 19 18:48:59 Unraid kernel: XFS (md1): metadata I/O error in "xlog_bread_noalign" at daddr 0x575e237d len 1 error 5
Feb 19 18:48:59 Unraid kernel: XFS (md1): failed to find log head
Feb 19 18:48:59 Unraid kernel: XFS (md1): log mount/recovery failed: error -5
Feb 19 18:48:59 Unraid kernel: XFS (md1): log mount failed
But now you're seeing an unsupported partition layout error, this is likely the result of the source disk being USB, that or ddrescue failed to copy the complete mbr because of bad sectors..
Best bet here would be to add a parity disk, let it sync, then disable disk1, Unraid will recreate the partition for the emulated disk, then it might still need xfs_repair, but it also might mount immediately.