Interesting, must be something to do with cache drives then.
I'd probably try experiment a bit to find a pattern.
Create a new share and look at the permissions. Try creating a share without cache access, see if that has any affect.
Check the permissions on "/mnt/user" or parent folders, maybe it's being inherited from a folder further up?
Try creating files through windows/linux using SMB, see if their permissions are okay or if it's only files generated by docker or unraid itself.