UPDATE 3/3/2021: I have definitively determined my performance issues are caused by WireGuard. I do not yet know if or when I'll find a solution.
UPDATE 8/1/2022: This is still very much broken. I try a file transfer every couple of months and it continues to be horribly slow. Using RSYNC over SSH outside the Wireguard tunnel works great and is what I will continue to use until I can figure this sh*t out.
FINAL UPDATE 11/24/2022: See my last post here for solution and TL;DR:
A final update to this.
Unfortunately I had to abandon using UnRAID as the WireGuard server as I couldn't resolve this. This issue coupled with my other issue drove me to invest in putting my own router in front of the remote server.
I've now built a site to site WireGuard tunnel between my two routers and everything is working exactly as I would expect it to over the WireGuard tunnel. I'm getting my full speed up to the bandwidth limit I set in the rsync command.