Thanks for your responses, gentlemen.
The first thing I did upon seeing this result the first time was to run a 24-hour Memtest; no errors were reported.
Also, I did attach SMART results to my original post.
I assume this more complex drive test you both refer to is "reiserfsck --check". I just did four back-to-back runs on the data drive, and the results are disturbing:
Run 1:
Reiserfs journal '/dev/md1' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed
Checking internal tree.. \/105 (of 145\/ 68 (of 170\bad_indirect_item: block 212886871: The item (1163 1165 0x1d4cb001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (213008304), which is in tree already finished
Comparing bitmaps..vpf-10640: The on-disk and the correct bitmaps differs.
Checking Semantic tree:
finished
3 found corruptions can be fixed when running with --fix-fixable
Run 2:
Reiserfs journal '/dev/md1' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed
Checking internal tree.. \/ 64 (of 145// 30 (of 170\bad_indirect_item: block 47209215: The item (359 369 0xf104001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (47270912), w/ 95 (of 145-/152 (of 170-bad_indirect_item: block 182910983: The item (1151 1152 0x17d6001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (182919168), which is in tree already /102 (of 145-/ 45 (of 170\bad_indirect_item: block 212107611: The item (1163 1164 0x551de001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (212462848), which is in tree already finished
Comparing bitmaps..vpf-10640: The on-disk and the correct bitmaps differs.
Checking Semantic tree:
finished
5 found corruptions can be fixed when running with --fix-fixable
Run 3:
Reiserfs journal '/dev/md1' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed
Checking internal tree.. \/ 13 (of 145\/128 (of 170\bad_indirect_item: block 83331021: The item (5 15 0x44d1d001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (83616512), whi/ 71 (of 145-/ 3 (of 170/bad_indirect_item: block 66715745: The item (428 429 0x1778c001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (66813956), which is in tree already / 95 (of 145-/154 (of 170|bad_indirect_item: block 182910985: The item (1151 1152 0x1fbe001 IND (1), len 4048, location 48 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (117) to the block (182921216), which is in tree already /126 (of 145-/ 86 (of 170|bad_indirect_item: block 231112707: The item (1231 1257 0x1 IND (1), len 396, location 336 entry count 0, fsck need 0, format new) has the bad pointer (45) to the block (231118080), which is in tree already finished
Comparing bitmaps..vpf-10640: The on-disk and the correct bitmaps differs.
Checking Semantic tree:
finished
6 found corruptions can be fixed when running with --fix-fixable
Run 4:
Reiserfs journal '/dev/md1' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed
Checking internal tree.. finished
Comparing bitmaps..finished
Checking Semantic tree:
finished
No corruptions found
There are on the filesystem:
Leaves 24105
Internal nodes 146
Directories 46
Other files 1500
Data block pointers 24307524 (0 of them are zero)
Safe links 0
So...3 unfixed corruptions found on the first run, then 5 on the next run, then 6 on the next run, then 0 on the last run.
I emphasize that I never repaired any of the reported file system problems, which means likely means disk reads are sometimes corrupted, but that the disk is not actually corrupted.
The disk passes a long SeaTools test, and passes preclear. RAM tested clean after 24 hours of continuous testing.
Replace the SATA cables? Replace the power supply? I'm a capable troubleshooter, but not a Linux or unRAID pro, and it feels to me like everything is suspect.
Any thoughts?