Chiming in here in case anyone else has this issue, I found a solution that seems to work in at least my scenario. It seems that my issue was Windows side (surprise!) and that Windows was likely using some kind of cached credentials to connect to the network share.
What I needed to do was go into command prompt (as admin, else I got an error) and use the following code:
net stop workstation /y
followed by:
net start workstation
This allowed me to enter my credentials and connect to my otherwise inaccessible network share.
I hope this helps some lost soul in the future.