Sorry not sure where I got that other link from, but in the OP, I followed the steps in the correct link which is https://docs.unraid.net/unraid-os/manual/storage-management/#checking-a-file-system until Part 8 in "Running the Test using the webGui"
Also the situation has changed now. Maybe it is the result of using my server with the drive emulated but it looks like Unraid "forgot" the problematic drive now. Before I was able to start the array with either the the problematic drive still assigned or unassigned and in both cases, Unraid would say "Device is missing (disabled), contents emulated". The results of Check Filesystem in OP was when the drive was still assigned and I started the array in Maintenance Mode. But now, if I try to start the array with the problematic drive assigned, even though the serial number is still the same, it says it is a "New Device" and
Replacement disk installed. Start will start Parity-Sync and/or Data-Rebuild.
which I think I don't want for now? So I can only start with the drive unassigned. Running Check Filesystem (kept -n as before, dont want to make any modifications yet) on the disk with the drive unassigned for 30 mins just gets stuck on
Phase 1 - find and verify superblock...
bad primary superblock - bad magic number !!!
attempting to find secondary superblock...
Here are diagnostics from yesterday. I think this was before Unraid "forgot" the drive. Can't get current diagnostics, just seems to get stuck after a while. Array currently has the disk that used to contain the problematic drive unassigned so it is saying "Unmountable: Unsupported or no file system" and "Unmountable: Unsupported or no file system". Files are still missing.
Is there any way I can preview what it would look like rebuilding from parity? Or is parity currently emulating the disk in a broken state?