Apologies for reviving a dead thread but here's what I found (and it solved my issue). I encountered this same issue (same keyboard, also on a Win10 VM I use for gaming) recently as I was working on some scripts to auto-attach devices back to particular VMs (as I have a mouse + keyboard on a hub which I plug/unplug for use with a laptop). I started looking around and found this on the Corsair support page (https://www.corsair.com/us/en/Categories/Products/Keyboards/StandardGamingKeyboards/STRAFE-Mechanical-Gaming-Keyboard-—-CHERRY®-MX-Red/p/CH-9000088-NA):
There are two USB plugs for my keyboard. Which one should I connect?
For USB 3.0:
Use one connector (the one with the keyboard icon) when connecting via USB 3.0
Connecting via USB 2.0
Use both connectors when using USB 2.0. Plug in the connector with the two arrows icon first, and the connector with the keyboard icon second.
I was using a USB3 hub and had plugged both cables into it. Once I disconnected the arrow one, the keyboard finally became usable.