I previously used the solution JorgeB provided at
https://forums.unraid.net/bug-reports/stable-releases/v700-v723-there-is-a-bug-that-keeps-waking-up-most-of-my-hdds-everyday-at-the-same-time-r4228/
and it worked as expected at the time.
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Later, I added a single SSD (Kioxia XG8), formatted it as ZFS, and disabled atime for both all datasets and the vdev itself. I expected this change would not affect anything on other devices, but the HDDs that were previously working normally started being woken up periodically again. This time they are even woken up multiple times per day instead of just once.

I also use a script that periodically creates ZFS snapshots (see attachment), but it only applies to the newly added single‑disk SSD ZFS device. I have already checked the script with AI, and it should not affect the HDD array.
Unraid version has been updated to v7.2.4.
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Both pools are set to atime off. I have already removed the ZFS Master plugin and the ZFS automatic snapshot script, but the issue still has not been resolved.
The File Activity plugin does not show any records. Considering that there is only about a 2‑second gap between the disk wake‑up and spin‑down events (along with a one‑hour spin‑down delay), it is unlikely that the wake‑ups are caused by file read or write operations.
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Do anyone have any suggestions on how to improve or troubleshoot this situation?

wizard-server-diagnostics-20260310-0008.zip zfs-snapshot.sh

Edited March 14Mar 14 by Wizard_

After several days of observation, it can be confirmed that the issue is still related to atime. To avoid disk wake-ups caused by atime, all datasets must have atime manually set to off. Inheriting the pool’s setting will still cause wake-ups, even if the pool itself is configured with atime=off.

The zfs master plugin refreshes the dashboard which wakes up all zfs disks/pools.

You just need to set the plugin snapshot refresh to disabled.

Edited March 18Mar 18 by MowMdown