I got it working! Turns out the card0 is the AST2500, and for some reason even though the 5700xt was showing up fine in lspci and in unraid "system devices" it wasn't showing up in /dev/dri. After swapping around a lot of bios settings, I now have card0 showing up (AST2500) and card1 (5700xt) both showing up, and am able to pass card1 to containers. /dev/dri/renderd128 now also shows up for vaapi encoding.
This IPMI is very finicky. The bios settings I changed were:
SR-IOV Support: disabled
Prioritize onboard video instead of PCIe: enabled
Onboard VGA: from [Auto] to enabled (enabled for some reason is required for the OS to recognize the 5700xt, but also makes the machine take about 2 minutes to post and start displaying video, very odd. I also don't have access to IPMI remote control, which kind of sucks but at least GPU is recognized.)