I have this same problem with two SAMSUNG 970 EVO Plus SSD 2TB NVME drives that are installed on a Dual NVMe PCIe Adapter, RIITOP M.2 NVMe SSD to PCI-e 3.1 x8/x16 Card installed in an HP Proliant MicroServer Gen10+ server running Unraid 6.12.6.
Both nvme devices are detected by the BIOS, and both are listed in the list of devices that could be booted from.
Note that I see the same issue when I boot a more or less standard Linux (Linux Mint 21.3) from the USB and also when I boot up a fairly recent version of PartedMagic.
But, when I put the card and drives into an older HP Z210 workstation, both drives are visible under both Windows 10 and an older version of Linux Mint.
I guess that I am surprised that Samsung drives would see this issue.
rimviewserver-diagnostics-20240202-1340.zip