Yes sorta.
8i = 2 x4 SAS ports that are meant to break out into 8 total SAS ports for drives. The cards typically support many more disks through expanders(256 in your case and I have seen up to 1024). When you use a bunch of expanders obviously you sacrifice total bandwidth for each drive but spinning disks don't run anywhere near the maximum SAS speed anyway. If you have an extremely large array or are using many SSDs you would want to consider a 16i or two 8i controllers to keep the available bandwidth high.
For the backplane, expander cards are very common. I have an IBM SystemX 3650 M3 that has 16 2.5 inch drive bays and the server has a built in spot for the SAS expander. Unless you are planning a very high performance array stick with the cheaper option of a very common HBA/Raid card in HBA mode and a SAS expander.