ls /mnt/disks/enclosurename/

This shows me the folder structure of the fallen disk. But no files

Still really weird as I didn't even mount the disk and didn't even make it over the network. Maybe it's just some weird cached info and not accessing the disk?

Unassigned Devices plugin manages /mnt/disks, I don't think it normally has anything there until a disk is mounted. I don't see anything there on my server.

Is it literally "enclosurename"?

Do you have some docker or other process that might try to write to that path even if nothing is mounted there?

Ah yes... This explains. One of the dockers was trying to write something there, which must have gone into nirvana.

Not literally enclosurename, but something like usb23e23enj2323, which is the name of my USB enclosure.

I tried the fallen disk both in the USB enclosure as well as directly on the board.

I will now give USB a shot with both disks. Let's see what comes out of it. I am quite hopeful that at least the "old" disk can undelete the files, which is around half of what I have on the fallen disk. Better than nothing and let's see how it goes.

Will keep you updated. Thanks again for your help!

I have yet another disk that potentially could include some deleted data that I can try to "undelete". UFS Explorer seems the best tool to do so.

The "disk to try" is in an Unraid array. I was trying to use UFS Explorer in a VM, but seems that it cannot access network disks. I can remove the disk from the array. What would be the easiest way to "mount" the disk into the VM. It is formatted XFS, so Windows won't identify it, but maybe UFS can still do recovery? Can I somehow passthrough the individual disk or the full array to my Windows VM?

If you have a windows PC that would be simpler.

Unfortunately, I don't. Possible to do with VM?