I have tried to fix this on my own with referencing my error code against other peoples' problems but I think I'm just making things worse.
I think it started when I updated to from 6.9 to 6.12. I didn't think much of it, but my CPU threads would spike and stay at 100% making my Docker services unusable. Only solution would be to do a dirty reboot/shut down. My terminal would say it's initiating a clean shut down, but not actually do it. Other times I'd notice a complete lock up, GUI wouldn't connect, terminal wouldn't respond to key presses. I was using a Crucial MX500 1TB SSD as my cache in btrfs from the SpaceInvaderOne Youtube videos from a couple years ago and at some point on 6.12 it made itself read only. So, I tried to back up as much of my cache to the array as I could and replaced it with a pair of Samsung 870 EVO 1TB SSDs in mirror for my cache pool. Thing is, I didn't know my plugin depreciated after upgrading from 6.9 to 6.12 and I lost about 3 months worth of back ups... I mean, just nothing backed up. Great. My fault for not verifying back ups and reading the "what's new in this update" text.
After installing and setting up my cache pool in ZFS it worked for about a week or two before I started to notice the same sort of CPU thread lock ups and crashes. I turned off most of my docker containers except for Plex, PiHole and a handful of other active ones. The issue persisted. Usually a reboot would fix the issue, I'd be able to start the array back up my cache data and then swap the cache pool for a new one. This time it didn't work to back up and I had to rely on my my previous back up. This time I went with a pair of NVME 1TB drives that were the left overs of upgrades to another system. Installed, redid my cache pool, in zfs again, but only installed Plex, PiHole and a couple others which were off mostly. Worked for a week until same symptoms came again. Prior to the update I was able to go months, almost a year without a reboot, now a week or two tops.
I ran a few passes on my ram with memtest86, all passed.
When I boot up now I cannot start the array, the start button is greyed out and doesn't fully start. When I do this, I can no longer shut down or reboot cleanly. I cannot get a diagnostic output either.
I took some pictures of my start up terminal and a few times it outputted: VERIFY3(size <= rt->rt_space) failed (281442911768576 <= 8497270784) PANIC at range_tree.c:436:range_tree_remove_impl()
I found 3 threads that seemed to have the same issue I am having and I attempted to do this one.
I rebooted into safe mode and ran zpool import command it looked like this output.
When I ran zpool import -o readonly=on cache and then started my array my cache disks said UNMOUNTABLE: WRONG OR NO FILE SYSTEM.
I decided turned off the array before I made things worse. On the flip side I was finally able to save a diagnostic file.
tower-diagnostics-20230919-0411.zip