I have narrowed it down to AMD drivers which are automatically installed by Windows Update. I can "Pause Updates for 7 days" in W10, but that's like putting a bandage on a bleeding wound, doesn't do much long-term.
I am looking into why this may be occurring, however also came across these posts on Reddit where people point out that it may be a driver version issue, since AMD may be detecting VMs and not allowing us to run the driver properly.
For what it's worth, the mouse usually works fine and I can move it around and see it on my display, everything 'behind' the mouse (the entire W10 UI) is that garbled pixelated mess though.