Hi, this is mostly a WIP thread, but as of the first post it does work up to my relatively limited testing. I plan on expanding this to a fully featured plugin, but this script is a working foundation, and I'd like to make this available to people to play with asap.
Bottom Line Up Front: This script only works on your btrfs-formatted array drives. By default, it will keep 8760 snapshots (1 year of hourly snapshots), this value can be adjusted by changing the MAX_SNAPS variable in the script. This script does not handle cache drives, but would be trivial to extend to do so - I just think it is a bad idea. Detection of this is minimal but present. Running this script for the first time will remove and recreate all of your existing array shares (moved to temporary path, original path converted to subvolume, moved back), no data should be lost, but I have only tested this with my own data and configuration, and cannot account for all edge cases and I absolutely cannot be held accountable for your data if it is lost. No script is provided to revert these changes.
Goals: I wanted to have delta snapshot recovery as part of my NAS feature set. FreeNAS is appealing, but I dislike FreeBSD's ecosystem (weird problems with bhyve, don't really need ZFS performance improvements), tried ProxMox and didn't care for it, didn't want to roll my own (likely debian-based) setup, very much like unRAID's GUI and asynchronous drive upgrade process, and wasn't interested in the crazy ZFS-on-unRAID frankenstein config by Wendell at L1T. I noted that unRAID can be configured to use BTRFS, and in theory it should be able to do this, given enough scripting to keep everything in sync. I also want to leverage unRAID's GUI as heavily as possible, and do as little command-line work on the regular as possible. Adding a new drive, creating a new share, etc, should all be possible through the GUI, and this setup should automagically adjust.
Step 1) Adjust your Settings -> SMB -> SMB Extras field to include the following line. This will publish your snapshots to windows SMB clients as 'previous versions'.
vfs objects = shadow_copy2
Notes: This config does work at the global scope (where adding it to extras puts it by default), and will apply to all of your shares. You just don't get to configure any of the other options for this feature. Unfortunately, duplicating the UnRAID team's work to build share configs on the fly is outside of my ambition, so I'm willing to live with that compromise. This is going to get us into an interesting situation, where the only place samba seems to be able to find our snapshots directory is at '/mnt/user/.snapshots'. The directory needs to be created on each storage device and then let unraid aggregate it later, so we are going to do it in the script so we can handle new drives and new shares correctly.
Step 2) Install the CA Userscripts Plugin. Details of this step are outside the scope of this post.
Step 3) Settings -> User Scripts. Add New Script. Click on script name to edit it. Add the following code to the script. Adjust MAX_SNAPS to your preference. Schedule it as you desire. Adjust EXCLUDE to your preference.
Random Notes: This provides some, but minimal protection from ransomware and bit-rot. In particular, ransomware which understands a linux system and actually gets access to the server could purge snapshots.
Edit 1/6/20: Added options to exclude some shares from being snapshotted. -e\--exclude <Comma seperated list of shortnames>
#!/bin/bash
#description=This script implements incremental snapshots on btrfs array drives.
#arrayStarted=true
#argumentDescription= -n|--number <MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SNAPSHOTS TO RETAIL>
#argumentDefault=-s 8760
shopt -s nullglob #make empty directories not freak out
date=$(TZ=GMT date +@GMT-%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S) #standardized datestamp
MAX_SNAPS=8760
EXCLUDE=
is_btrfs_subvolume() {
local dir=$1
[ "$(stat -f --format="%T" "$dir")" == "btrfs" ] || return 1
inode="$(stat --format="%i" "$dir")"
case "$inode" in
2|256)
return 0;;
*)
return 1;;
esac
}
POSITIONAL=()
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
key="$1"
case $key in
-n|--number)
MAX_SNAPS="$2"
shift # past argument
shift # past value
;;
-e|--exclude)
EXCLUDE="$2"
shift # past argument
shift # past value
;;
*)
POSITIONAL+=("$1") # save it in an array for later
shift # past argument
;;
esac
done
set -- "${POSITIONAL[@]}" # restore positional parameters
#ADJUST MAX_SNAPS to prevent off-by-1
MAX_SNAPS=$((MAX_SNAPS+1))
#Tokenize exclude list
declare -A excludes
for token in ${EXCLUDE//,/ }; do
excludes[$token]=1
done
#iterate over all disks on array
for disk in /mnt/disk*[0-9]* ; do
#examine disk for btrfs-formatting (MOSTLY UNTESTED)
if is_btrfs_subvolume $disk ; then
#check for .snapshots directory prior to generating snapshot
if [ -d "$disk" ]; then
if [ ! -d "$disk/.snapshots/" ] ; then
mkdir -v $disk/.snapshots
fi
if [ ! -d "$disk/.snapshots/$date/" ] ; then
mkdir -v $disk/.snapshots/$date
fi
fi
#iterate over shares present on disk
for share in ${disk}/* ; do
#test for exclusion
if [ ! -n "${excludes[$(basename $share)]}" ]; then
#echo "Examining $share on $disk"
is_btrfs_subvolume $share
if [ ! "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
#echo "$share is likely not a subvolume"
mv -v ${share} ${share}_TEMP
btrfs subvolume create $share
cp -avT --reflink=always ${share}_TEMP $share
rm -vrf ${share}_TEMP
fi
#make new snap
btrfs subvolume snap -r ${share} /mnt/$(basename $disk)/.snapshots/${date}/$(basename $share)
else
echo "$share is on the exclusion list. Skipping..."
fi
done
#find old snaps
echo "Found $(find ${disk}/.snapshots/ -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 | sort -nr | tail -n +$MAX_SNAPS | wc -l) old snaps"
for snap in $(find ${disk}/.snapshots/ -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 | sort -nr | tail -n +$MAX_SNAPS); do
for share_snap in ${snap}/*; do
btrfs subvolume delete $share_snap
done
rm -rfv $snap
done
fi
done