I had similar symptoms, using an older Samsung 830 SSD as a single Btrfs LUKS-encrypted cache. When copying very large file, iowait would hit the 80's and then at some point the system became unresponsive, and write speeds were around 80 MB/s. Howerver, moving to XFS LUKS-encrypted did not help things at all.
In my case, it had to do with LUKS-encryption. Moving to non-encrypted cache, either Btrfs or XFS, iowait would be much lower, and write speeds at 200. However, I'm on an i7-3770 which has AES acceleration and have barely any CPU utilization
One guess is that the 830 controller doesn't handle incompressible data as well, but looking at reviews, that's where it shined compared to Sandforce controllers.
Some searching lead me to this post:
Setting the IO Scheduler to none for my cache drive helped a bit, but lowering nr_requests with any IO scheduler helped more, at least in my case.