There are issues with the cache device:
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: sd 1:0:1:0: [sdc] tag#3509 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08 cmd_age=0s
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: sd 1:0:1:0: [sdc] tag#3509 Sense Key : 0x3 [current]
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: sd 1:0:1:0: [sdc] tag#3509 ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x0
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: sd 1:0:1:0: [sdc] tag#3509 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 be a7 e0 00 00 20 00
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 12494816 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 4 prio class 0
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: BTRFS warning (device sdc1): direct IO failed ino 260 rw 0,0 sector 0xbea7e8 len 0 err no 10
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: BTRFS warning (device sdc1): direct IO failed ino 260 rw 0,0 sector 0xbea7f0 len 0 err no 10
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: BTRFS warning (device sdc1): direct IO failed ino 260 rw 0,0 sector 0xbea7f8 len 0 err no 10
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: BTRFS warning (device sdc1): direct IO failed ino 260 rw 0,0 sector 0xbea800 len 0 err no 10
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: blk_update_request: I/O error, dev loop2, sector 11925472 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x1000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Mar 14 20:51:13 hafer kernel: BTRFS error (device loop2): bdev /dev/loop2 errs: wr 0, rd 293, flush 0, corrupt 48, gen 0
Try connecting it to the onboard SATA ports instead, then run a scrub.