Pending sectors are ones that have failed a read operation and are waiting to be processed (hence, "pending"). Even if subsequent reads are successful, their pending status can only be cleared by a write operation, when the new content is either successfully written to the existing sectors (decrementing the pending sector count) or reallocated to spare sectors (decrementing the pending sector count and incrementing the reallocated sector count). A non-correcting parity check (there's no such thing as a non-correcting parity sync) is, by definition, read-only so there's no opportunity to deal with them there.
If Unraid detects a read error it will reconstruct the missing data from parity and the remaining data disks and attempt to write it back to the disk that showed the error. If Unraid detects a write error the offending disk is disabled and its contents emulated, using parity and the remaining data disks.
Pending sectors may or may not be readable and that uncertainty is a problem. As mentioned, the ability to emulate disabled disks relies on the ability to read all the remaining disks so it's never a good thing to have a disk with pending sectors in your array. I suspect you disturbed something while cleaning out the dust. If you haven't already rebooted, your diagnostics will shed some light.
I think the result of the extended SMART test is reassuring but I would want to replace first one of the disks with a spare and then the other, if only to get rid of the pending sectors. After replacing the first disk I'd run a utility that writes then reads every sector, such as badblocks or preclear, and if the disk turns out to be good, I'd use it as the replacement for the second disk. Then run the same utility on the second disk. A few reallocated sectors is not necessarily a bad thing, as long as the number doesn't keep increasing.