Something strange happened here, you had a two device cache pool and removed one of the devices, then after array start a pool balance began to convert it to a single device, UD plugin detected the now unassigned former pool member but from what I can see it did nothing to it:
May 29 09:50:44 Tower unassigned.devices: Mounting 'Auto Mount' Devices...
May 29 09:50:44 Tower unassigned.devices: Disk with serial 'OCZ-SOLID3_OCZ-5QFK65330EYP720P', mountpoint 'OCZ-SOLID3_OCZ-5QFK65330EYP720P' is not set to auto mount and will not be mounted.
All normal up to here, pool finished converting to single device without any error and the now unassigned device was removed from the pool:
May 29 10:03:09 Tower kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb1): relocating block group 22020096 flags metadata
May 29 10:03:12 Tower kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb1): found 14766 extents
May 29 10:03:12 Tower kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb1): relocating block group 1048576 flags system
May 29 10:03:12 Tower kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb1): found 1 extents
May 29 10:03:12 Tower kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb1): device deleted: /dev/sdj1
May 29 10:03:12 Tower rc.diskinfo[7724]: SIGHUP received, forcing refresh of disks info.
Strange part is after that, going to ping @dlandonto see if he can see why this happened, I don't find any reference of UD mounting the former cache member but then it tries to unmount it and believes it's still part of the pool so it forced unmounted /mnt/cache:
May 29 11:53:10 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmounting disk 'OCZ-SOLID3_OCZ-5QFK65330EYP720P'...
May 29 11:53:10 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmounting '/dev/sdj1'...
May 29 11:53:10 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmount cmd: /sbin/umount '/dev/sdj1' 2>&1
May 29 11:53:10 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmount of '/dev/sdj1' failed. Error message: umount: /mnt/cache: target is busy.
May 29 11:53:11 Tower unassigned.devices: Since there aren't any open files, will force unmount.
May 29 11:53:11 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmounting '/dev/sdj1'...
May 29 11:53:11 Tower unassigned.devices: Unmount cmd: /sbin/umount -fl '/dev/sdj1' 2>&1
May 29 11:53:11 Tower unassigned.devices: Successfully unmounted '/dev/sdj1'
@chris BCache should be fine after rebooting, if not please post new diags.