No, default BTRFS supports TRIM, you usually get that error when the controller doesn't support it, looks like you're virtualizing unRAID, so maybe that's the cause (if you're using the mb controller).
you're right, i do virtualize unRAID, in that hardware controllers are passthrough completely to unRAID. all (to me) known/used hardware features (esp. such as sleep function of hdd) do work properly. even all operations, which do change the boot usb-stick – so no tricks used/necessary here. the SSD is on the same controller (SAS3 from MB) as other HDDs.
not an TRIM expert here, but my reading showed, that they use the fstrim command on mountpoints of filesystems and not on devices directly. well, i tried that too, but same result.
Is the SAS3 controller from intel PCH or other, like LSI, some LSI controllers don't support trim, e.g., 9211.