If you have single parity, then the number of disks required to emulate a single missing disk is ALL of the other disks. If you had dual parity then you would be able to rebuild both of those data disks, but it is extremely unlikely to have fixed anything. Filesystem corruption needs to be repaired in the way you already did it.
And you really must have backups. You don't have to backup everything, but you need a plan. You must have another copy of anything important and irreplaceable on another system. Parity will not save you.