The archives of the OS live on the flash drive. Those are unpacked fresh at each boot into RAM, and the OS runs completely in RAM. I always like to think of it as firmware, except easier to upgrade without bricking anything.
Also, the specific configuration is stored on flash so it can be reapplied at boot, and changes to the configuration are written to flash, but for the most part, the configuration is also loaded into RAM for use.
@jdlancaster13, as you can see from these posts, Unraid isn't exactly "installed" onto some other disk that you boot from later. In fact, how did you expect to boot it up again since you had presumably told BIOS to boot from flash?
Did you have a paid license, or were you using trial? Either way I'm not sure if you can get the license back without contacting support, even if you use the same flash drive.
The most important thing for avoiding data loss in your situation is DO NOT assign any data disk to any parity slot, or it will be overwritten with parity. If in doubt, don't assign any disk to any parity slot.
And, even after you get through all this and have it working again, you must always keep a current backup of the Unraid flash. You can download a zipped backup of flash from Main - Boot Device - Flash - Flash Backup.