Rebuild of disk1 already completed when diagnostics were taken
Sep 10 09:13:36 ur1-meppel kernel: md: recovery thread: recon D1 ...
...
Sep 10 14:04:45 ur1-meppel kernel: md: sync done. time=17469sec
Sep 10 14:04:45 ur1-meppel kernel: md: recovery thread: exit status: 0
And you are having connection issues on cache
Sep 10 09:09:17 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1.00: ATA-10: KINGSTON SA400S37120G, 50026B77834CF063, SBFKB1E2, max UDMA/133
...
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1.00: cmd e7/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 30
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: res 40/00:01:01:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
Sep 10 09:25:12 ur1-meppel kernel: ata1: hard resetting link
Don't know anything about Proxmox. Are you referring here to Unraid User Shares? User Share names are anonymized in Diagnostics (take a look for yourself to see what I mean). You have a number of shares all beginning with p and ending with s, and there are share .cfg files 2 shares that don't exist, one beginning in p and ending in s, and another beginning in c and ending in r.
Looks like most of your disks are empty or nearly so. Did you format any of them recently, perhaps because they were unmountable?