Previous check:
Aug 24 05:45:33 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P corrected, sector=10563312232
Aug 24 05:45:33 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P corrected, sector=10563312240
Aug 24 05:45:33 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P corrected, sector=10563312504
Aug 24 05:45:33 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P corrected, sector=10563312512
Notice the block jump from block ending in sector 240 to the one starting in 504.
This last check found all blocks in between those incorrect:
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312248
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312256
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312264
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312272
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312280
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312288
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312296
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312304
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312312
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312320
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312328
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312336
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312344
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312352
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312360
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312368
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312376
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312384
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312392
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312400
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312408
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312416
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312424
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312432
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312440
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312448
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312456
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312464
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312472
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312480
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312488
Aug 25 10:47:52 R720XD kernel: md: recovery thread: P incorrect, sector=10563312496
This to me rules out any RAM issue, which would already not be really a suspect since you are using ECC RAM, next suspect for me would be the controller, any chance you can test with a different one? Ideally one in IT mode, not raid mode as current one.