People sometimes disturb connections to other drives when they are installing a drive. Another possibility is insufficient power for the number of drives, but you don't give any details for that so maybe that isn't a concern. I have also seen cases where a bad drive connected will make everything else not work well.
Yes, you will have to rebuild the disabled parity, after you get the hardware working right.
SMART for that disk indicates it is failing and shouldn't be used, but if you can get it to work with everything else maybe we can get something off of it. If the disk won't mount with Unassigned Devices, then obviously it can't be shared. But it might be possible to repair its filesystem and then get it to mount.
Or maybe try that other software Squid mentioned and connect it to your PC with a USB dock of some sort.