Server was rebooted in the middle so can't see everything that happened, current cache is mounting, but it's empty, possibly some error during the replacement.
Also note that you have device 81:00 bound to vfio-pci, 81 is now one of the NVMe devices and although it's a different device and it wasn't bound it still brought the device offline, so delete that bind and run a correcting scrub on the pool.
As for the old data, I assume this device was part of the original pool?
C300-CTFDDAC128MAG_00000000102202FBC295 (sdl)
If yes this also suggests the replacement wasn't done correctly since there's still a btrfs filesystem there, and it should have been wiped during the replacement, if this was part of the old pool and the pool was redundant you should be able to mount it if you assign alone to a new pool (not with UD), if it doesn't mount in a new pool post new diags, maybe it can be mounted manually.