If reallocated sectors keep increasing you should replace the disk, disks shouldn't corrupt data even when they are failing, but it's been known to happen.
Yep.
That's another way of confirming the data corruption.
You can do a parity swap, use the new disk for parity and old parity for disk2.
You can use xfs or btrfs, data will still corrupt if there's a problem, you just won't be warned about it, for the copy I would personally use rsync, it allows resume if needed:
rsync -av /mnt/disk2/ /mnt/disks/UD_disk_name/