DOCKER_IMAGE_FILE="/mnt/user/system/docker/docker.img"
DOCKER_IMAGE_SIZE="75"
Setting a 75Gig docker image is akin to taking your Ferrari down the block to pick up your mail. Sure it works, but it's massive overkill.
The 75G also implies that you've had serious problems with the image filling up in the past. By and large, 99.99% of users will never even use the default 20G space. My suggestion is to either sort out why the image keeps filling up (in the past), or switch to a docker folder so that you don't need to ever worry about it again.
(As an aside, 3G for the libvirt image is also overkill, and I can't think of anyone who has ever needed more than the default 1G)
But, the real problem here is
Dec 28 19:11:41 TheDoctor kernel: BTRFS critical (device sdo1): corrupt leaf: root=5 block=509462364160 slot=6 ino=496263061 file_offset=339968, invalid compression for file extent, have 136 expect range [0, 3]
And because of the corruption the cache drive gets remounted as read-only and is causing your issues. I'm going to leave it to the resident guru @JorgeB to assist further in recovery on this.